Labour monopolies increase costs by up to 40 percent on nearly a billion dollars worth of Ontario construction projects, says a paper released by Hamilton based think-tank Cardus. The paper estimates,

• 25 percent of Ontario taxpayers are affected by municipal labour monopolies in construction
• Labour monopolies affect over 750 million dollars worth of construction work in Ontario municipalities
• The City of Toronto alone could save almost 60 million dollars using open tendering practices